So the USB connector and the USB protocol are different, and not necessarily related to each other - however there is a functional upper limit to the throughput that a given connector type can support (you’ll never get USB 3.0 data transfer through a USB Mini connector).
A type C connector might only be wired to USB 2.0-level hardware on the back - but this is not really a bad thing. There are lots of low-level electronic devices that need a USB connector that don’t really need 3.0 data transfer, and faster data processing chips are more expensive, but it’s convenient to only need one type of cable for everything.
There are some nice reference tables in the Wikipedia article: USB Hardware
So the USB connector and the USB protocol are different, and not necessarily related to each other - however there is a functional upper limit to the throughput that a given connector type can support (you’ll never get USB 3.0 data transfer through a USB Mini connector).
A type C connector might only be wired to USB 2.0-level hardware on the back - but this is not really a bad thing. There are lots of low-level electronic devices that need a USB connector that don’t really need 3.0 data transfer, and faster data processing chips are more expensive, but it’s convenient to only need one type of cable for everything.
There are some nice reference tables in the Wikipedia article: USB Hardware
When apple made the switch to USB C there was a lot of controversy over the charging speed & data transfer they allow per model.
I don’t know what year it was but essentially the non-PRO versions of their phones/tablets were limited to slower overall speeds.