Maybe a small condenser microphone. The Samson Go is a bit old (not that consumer-grade microphone tech has changed much) but it’s small and just plugs into a laptop with a USB port. There are probably newer small models that do a better job and I’m not aware of its existence.
I suspect a conferencing type product will have the same issue since it’s made to record sound coming from like two feet away from the mic
This is the case with dynamic microphones (the microphones typically used for live events), but condenser microphones are usually very sensitive and will pick up almost every bit of noise with enough gain.
I’ve seen like giant fuzzy mics used on movie sets - should I look for something like that?
These are condenser shotgun microphones. The ones used in movie sets use XLR and need some kind of audio recorder (you’ll be carrying a lot of stuff with you). There are small ones that use 3.5mm connectors though (usually made for cameras). You need to have this pointed at the sound source at all times (hence why you see people manually operating these in a movie set).
Anyway, I recommend looking into handhelds with built-in microphones (like the Zoom H1) so you can move it around easily.
Disclaimer: I’m not an audio professional, just an audio hobbyist who works on student films sometimes. :D
Last time a similar question was asked, I responded with Perfect Blue, The End of Evangelion, and Love & Pop.
So this time, I’m going to suggest Sans Soleil.